Foreword

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R. Daniel Bonfil, PHD

Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of the biology of breast cancer and better therapeutic options available in the last decades, this malignant neoplasia continues to be of major public health concern around the globe. In 2020, 2.3 million females were diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide, with an incidence and related mortality that continue to grow globally. However, trends and patterns vary in different countries as a result of differences in risk factors, screening strategies, and access to newer therapies, among others. In the last decades, many immunohistochemical markers (e.g., ER, PR, HER2, proliferation maker Ki-67), genomic markers (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2), and immunologic markers (e.g., immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-L1, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) have been identified as molecular hallmarks of breast cancer, which are currently used to stratify patients more accurately and provide them with a range of treatment options, including novel targeted therapies. In this book, a wide spectrum of topics that comprise clinically and biologically relevant aspects of breast cancer is covered. The first chapters provide an up-to-date overview of epidemiological and etiological aspects of the disease, and a concise pathologic description of the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Innovations and specialized techniques in surgery, which plays a primary role in the treatment of breast cancer, are then outlined, as well as non-invasive methods used to assess lymphedema, a side effect seen in some patients after surgical or radiation treatment. CONTINUE READING…..

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Section
Prelim