Molecular Imaging and Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors

Saima Muzahir, MD; Erin E. Grady, MD

doi:10.36255/molecular-imaging-therapy-endocrine-tumors

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Published: Nov 8, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36255/molecular-imaging-therapy-endocrine-tumors

Keywords:

DOTATATE, Ki-67, mIBG, molecular imaging of neuroendocrine tumors, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy

Saima Muzahir, MD

Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Atlanta, GA, USA

Erin E. Grady, MD

Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Stanford, CA, USA

ABSTRACT

Neuroendocrine tumors are a diverse group of neoplastic entities with variable degrees of neuroendocrine differentiation that are imaged and, in some cases, treated with nuclear medicine techniques. They are generally uncommon, with an incidence of 50 per million people, and are often considered ‘zebra’ diagnoses. This chapter provides an overview of molecular imaging and therapy of neuroendocrine tumors with radiopharmaceuticals including ¹¹¹In-octreotide, ¹²³I-mIBG, ¹³¹I-mIBG, ⁶⁸Ga- or ⁶⁴Cu-DOTATATE, ¹⁷⁷Lu DOTATATE, and ¹⁸F-FDG. The biodistribution of these radiopharmaceuticals is reviewed along with dosing and, for therapies, the inclusion and exclusion criteria.