Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms: Clinical, Histologic, and Prognostic Features
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ABSTRACT
Primary bladder neoplasms can be divided into two broad categories: flat and papillary lesions. In this chapter, we provide a review of non-invasive papillary urothelial neoplasms of the bladder: urothelial papilloma, inverted urothelial papilloma, papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), non-invasive low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma, and non-invasive high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. The following is discussed for each entity: clinical features, etiology, microscopic description, ancillary tests, molecular alterations, and prognostic factors.
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