The Etiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
ABSTRACT
Renal cell carcinoma accounts for most malignant renal cancers, with clear cell as the most common subtype. Nowadays, the typical presentation of loin pain, frank hematuria, and palpable mass of renal cell carcinoma are seen less frequently. The advancements in medical imaging, in particular abdominal imaging, have significantly increased the number of small renal masses detected incidentally. Urothelium lining of upper urinary tract starts from the calyces and run the entire length of the ureter till the vesico-ureteric junction. Urothelial carcinoma is the malignancy of this urothelium tract. Established risk factors for renal cell carcinoma, and to some extent to upper tract urothelial carcinoma, include male gender, smoking, hypertension, obesity, and end stage renal diseases. This chapter provides an overview of the etiology of renal cell carcinoma and upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Downloads
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright of individual chapters belongs to the respective authors. The authors grant unrestricted publishing and distribution rights to the publisher. The electronic versions of the chapters are published under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Users are allowed to share and adapt the chapters for any non-commercial purposes as long as the authors and the publisher are explicitly identified and properly acknowledged as the original source. The books in their entirety are subject to copyright by the publisher. The reproduction, modification, republication and display of the books in their entirety, in any form, by anyone, for commercial purposes are strictly prohibited without the written consent of the publisher.